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The difference between brushed DC motor and brushless motor

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  • Time of issue:2020-11-18
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(Summary description)According to the working principle of DC brush motor and brushless motor to distinguish.

The difference between brushed DC motor and brushless motor

(Summary description)According to the working principle of DC brush motor and brushless motor to distinguish.

  • Categories:Company News
  • Author:
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2020-11-18
  • Views:0
Information

1. According to the working principle of DC brush motor and brushless motor to distinguish.

The DC brush motor is composed of a commutator, magnetic poles, and coils. The mechanical commutator is used for commutation. The stator composed of the magnetic poles does not move, and the rotor composed of the coils is rotating. When the motor is working, the rotor and the commutator rotate, but the stator and carbon brushes do not rotate. The alternating current direction of the rotor is changed by the commutator and the brushes.

The working process of the DC brush motor: The two coil ends of each group of coils on the rotor are sequentially formed into a closed loop. The coil and the coil are separated from each other by insulating materials, and the silicon steel sheet is matched to form a cylinder, and the motor shaft penetrates in the middle. However, the rotor is formed together, and the power supply is pressed on the commutator from two specific fixed positions through two carbon brushes under the action of spring pressure. Each coil is energized in turn through the commutator, and the rotor is rotated in a certain direction under the action of the magnetic field of the stator.

The commutator will rub the carbon brushes during the rotation, causing loss, and the carbon brushes need to be replaced regularly; electric sparks will occur alternately between the carbon brushes and the commutator, which will cause electromagnetic damage and interfere with electronic equipment. This is a brushed motor. Shortcomings.

The working principle of the brushless motor is different. It adopts electronic commutation, the coil does not move, and the magnetic pole rotates. Through the brushless controller, the coil is energized according to a certain rule to generate an alternating magnetic field. Under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the magnetic pole rotates, and the position of the rotor is judged by the Hall element at the same time, and it is fed back to the brushless controller. The brushless controller adjusts the direction of the magnetic force to drive the rotor to rotate. It completely solves the shortcomings caused by the commutation of the carbon brush of the brush motor.

Based on actual experience, our company has developed DC10-48DPW15BL and DC10-48DPW30BL brushless motor controllers with different powers. Through the control of brushless motor controllers, some functions that cannot be achieved by brush motors can be realized, such as adjusting the power switching angle. Brake the motor, make the motor reverse, lock the motor, the motor can be quickly stopped by the brake function.

Two, the principle of speed regulation to distinguish.

Although the control methods of the two motors are voltage regulation, the brushless DC motor uses electronic commutation, so it must work with the brushless controller. The brushed DC motor is commutated by carbon brushes, and can be controlled by traditional analog circuits such as pulse width modulation and thyristor modulation, which is relatively simple.

The PWM and SCR series of DC motor drivers developed by our company are speed-regulating products developed and produced on the basis of absorbing previous successful experience and combining modern advanced technology. This series of products have reached the requirements of international standards and are exported to many countries. The driver adopts the principle of thyristor chopping and uses a unique trigger mode. It can achieve a high speed regulation ratio without speed feedback, and its control is more accurate and reliable.

The product's excellent performance, reliable quality, and high cost performance make it a leader in the field of DC motor drives. It is widely used in plastic machinery, food machinery, cable equipment, mechanical processing, papermaking and printing, test equipment, and laboratories. Equipment, mixing equipment and other fields.

Three, performance difference:

1. The brush motor has simple structure, long development time and mature technology. Because the DC brush motor has simple mechanism, easy production and processing, convenient maintenance, and easy control; DC motor also has fast response, large starting torque, and can provide rated torque from zero speed to rated speed. So once it came out It has been widely used.

2. The brushed DC motor has fast response, large torque, stable speed change, almost no vibration from zero to maximum speed, and can drive a larger load when starting. The brushless motor has a large starting resistance (inductive reactance), so the power factor is small, the starting torque is relatively small, there is a buzzing sound when starting, and accompanied by strong vibration, the load is small when starting.

3. The DC brushed motor runs smoothly and has good starting and braking effects. The brush motor is speed-regulated by voltage regulation, so the starting and braking are stable, and it is also stable when running at a constant speed. The brushless motor is usually controlled by digital frequency conversion. First, the AC becomes DC, then DC becomes AC, and the speed is controlled by frequency change. Therefore, the brushless motor does not run smoothly when starting and braking, and the vibration is large, only when the speed is constant. Will be stable.

4. The use cost of the DC brush motor is low and the maintenance is convenient. The brushless motor technology is immature and the price is relatively high. 5. The brushless motor has no brush, low interference, low noise, smooth operation, long life, and low maintenance cost.

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